104-02-Week Three
By Steve Almasy and Euan McKirdy, CNN
Updated 0517 GMT (1317 HKT) March 10, 2016 | Video Source: CNN
North Korea claims to have miniaturized nuclear warheads to fit on ballistic missiles, the state-run Korean Central News Agency reported.
The report comes after the country reported a successful test of what it said was a hydrogen bomb in February and as tensions on the peninsula remain high as joint U.S.-South Korean military exercises take place.
State media reported Wednesday that North Korean leader Kim Jong Un met with nuclear scientists and technicians who briefed him on "research conducted to tip various type tactical and strategic ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads."
The agency also published photographs that appeared to show Kim visiting a facility where the warheads have been made to fit on ballistic missiles -- the first time state media has released images showing its miniaturized weapons technology. CNN cannot independently confirm the photos' veracity or the claims of the KCNA.
David Albright of the Institute for Science and International Security told CNN's Brian Todd on Monday that his group thinks the North Koreans had probably already miniaturized a warhead.
A South Korean Defense White Paper from 2014 also noted that its neighbor's ability to miniaturize nuclear weapons seemed, at the time, "to have reached a considerable level."
Expert: Could be nuclear bomb, not a hydrogen one
Karl Dewey, a proliferation expert with IHS Jane's, a military, security and intelligence analysis organization, said the photos suggest that North Korea fit something onto a KN-08 ballistic missile.
"And it is possible that the silver sphere is a simple atomic bomb. But it is not a hydrogen bomb, also known as a thermonuclear bomb," he said, explaining that a thermonuclear device probably would be a different shape because of its two stages.
"Thermonuclear weapons are multistage devices, and the need to place two separate parts -- the primary and secondary -- would give a more oblong-like structure," Dewey said. "As such, the device on the table is unlikely to be a thermonuclear device. It could be a boosted bomb, but that is not a hydrogen bomb by definition."
Pyongyang boasted about having conducted its first hydrogen bomb test earlier this year. But skeptics, including the U.S. government and outside experts, challenged that claim.
While there are concerns about the progress being made, analysts say the reclusive nation does not yet have the ability to launch a strike on U.S. soil.
"They don't have a proven ICBM capability and a warhead that could survive re-entry as I understand it," Bonnie Glaser, senior adviser for Asia at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, told CNN by phone from Tokyo.
"So there are probably some technical difficulties there for hitting the United States."The point here is that with every test, the North Koreans are going to learn something and they're going to make progress. And we probably should not underestimate their capability ... if not today, then tomorrow."
Escalation on the peninsula
The news comes as tensions are once again heightened on the Korean Peninsula, with the United States and South Korea conducting what has been described by a South Korean Defense Ministry spokesman as the "largest ever" joint military exercises, in which around 17,000 U.S. military personnel are participating alongside some 300,000 South Korean troops, according to U.S. Forces Korea.
North Korea on Sunday warned it would make a "pre-emptive and offensive nuclear strike" in response to the joint exercises.
The military spokesman said that the two allies were "closely monitoring" signs of North Korean provocation.
"As of now, there are no direct signs of provocation, but we are planning to continuously strengthen surveillance," Defense Ministry spokesman Moon Sang-gyun said.
South Korea said it is keeping an eye on the situation with the help of U.S. intelligence authorities.
"South Korean Defense Ministry assesses North Korea, at this point, has not secured the capability of miniaturizing a nuclear warhead nor does it have actual combat capability of KN-08," the ministry said.
Dewey, the Jane's proliferation expert, said that "it's hard to definitively comment" on whether North Korea's KN-08 missile is fully operational, as "North Korea has in the past put weapons systems into service without them being tested." But he said that a 2013 report from the U.S. National Air and Space Intelligence Center put its possible range around 5,500 kilometers (3,420 miles).
Analysts are questioning the wisdom of expansion of the annual exercises at a time when Pyongyang's nuclear ambitions look as advanced as ever seen.
"I didn't see the logic of expanding the exercises," Stephan Haggard, a professor at the School of Global Policy and Strategy, University of California, San Diego, and one of the authors of the North Korea: Witness to Transformation blog told CNN.
"I personally think that upping the sizes of the (joint U.S.-South Korea military) exercises didn't serve any material function. It's not clear that the size will bring North Korea back to the diplomatic table, so there's no real purpose to do that.
"All you've done is stir the viper's nest. And the North Korean military and the leadership I'm sure is extremely nervous. Because it's coming in the context of the sanctions, and the Chinese are clearly displeased."
The North Korean warning also follows last week's sanctions announced by the 15-member U.N. Security Council, which Pyongyang has denounced as "unprecedented and gangster-like."
Bomb test
Discussions about new sanctions started after North Korea claimed to have successfully tested a hydrogen bomb in January, its fourth nuclear test.
Then, in February, Pyongyang said it had successfully launched an Earth satellite into orbit via the long-range Kwangmyongsong carrier rocket.
The Security Council called those moves "violations and flagrant disregard" of previous resolutions.
On Friday, the Korean Central News Agency reported that Kim said his country's "nuclear warheads need to be ready for use at any time."
"Under the extreme situation that the U.S. imperialist is misusing its military influence and is pressuring other countries and people to start war and catastrophe, the only way for our people to protect sovereignty and rights to live is to strengthen the quality and quantity of nuclear power and realize the balance of power," Kim said, according to the KCNA.
This rhetoric came out a day after the news agency reported tests of a new multiple-launch rocket system. This may or may not be referring to a launch of "short-range projectiles" chronicled one day earlier by the South Korean Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Pyongyang has long boasted about its nuclear ambitions, about as long as South Korea and the United States have sought to derail them. The issue has only furthered the isolation of North Korea, a closed-off communist state led for decades by the authoritarian Kim, his late father and his grandfather.
A chief concern is not only that Pyongyang will develop effective nuclear warheads, but that they'll be paired with missiles that can strike targets around East Asia and perhaps beyond.
CNN's Judy Kwon, Ivan Watson, Greg Botelho, Dana Ford, Dakota Flournoy and K.J. Kwon contributed to this report.
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North Korea Says Their Nuclear Warheads Can Fit On Missiles
(from:yoube)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=limJOQDtksQ
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Structure of the Lead
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WHO
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North Korea
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WHEN
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February, 2016
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WHAT
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a hydrogen
bomb test
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WHY
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WHERE
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Pyongyang
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HOW
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keywords:
- miniaturize(v.) 使小型化；使微型化
- warhead(n.) (飛彈等)彈頭
- fit on 安裝
- ballistic(adj.) 彈道的
- state-run(adj.) 國營的
- hydrogen(n.) 氫
- peninsula(n.) 半島
- brief(v.) 作...的提要
- strategic(adj.) 戰略的
- proliferation(n.) 【生物(學)】增值；激增；擴散
- thermonuclear(adj.) 熱核的
- multistage(adj.) 多節的；多階段的
- Pyongyang(n.) 平壤(北韓之首都)
- reclusive(adj.) 隱遁的
- provocation(n.) 挑釁；挑撥；激怒
- keep an eye on sb/sth. 照看；注意
- viper(n.) 毒蛇；陰險惡毒之人
- sanction(n.) 認可
- flagrant(adj.) 明目張膽的；公然的；兇惡的；罪惡昭彰的
- imperialist(n.) 帝國主義者/ (adj.)帝國主義的
- catastrophe(n.) 大災
- rhetoric(n.) 修辭；言語；雄辯
- projectile(n.) 發射體；射彈；自動推進武器
- chronicle(v.) 紀錄；記述；把...載入編年史
- authoritarian(n.) 獨裁主義者；權力主義者
